Electromagnetism

Let’s talk about this subject called (EM) Electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is a large, encompassing theory, so it’s no wonder that many people do not understand it because we cannot see it, feel it or even taste it. A basic book on it will almost immediately dive into the world of boring mathematics, such as Maxwell’s equations! Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of force that surround any electrical device. Power lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment all produce EMF. There are many other sources of EMF as well. The focus of this discussion is on the basic understanding of EMF--that is, EMF associated with the generation, transmission, and use of electric power. Electric fields are produced by voltage and increase in strength as the voltage increases. The electric field strength is measured in units of volts per meter (V/m). Magnetic fields result from the flow of current through wires or electrical devices and increase in strength as the current increases. Magnetic fields are measured in units of gauss (G) or tesla (T). Most electrical equipment has to be turned on, i.e., current must be flowing, for a magnetic field to be produced. Electric fields are often present even when the equipment is switched off, as long as it remains connected to the source of electric power. Brief bursts of EMF (sometimes called "transients") can also occur when electrical devices are turned on or off. Electric fields are shielded or weakened by materials that conduct electricity--even materials that conduct poorly, including trees, buildings, and human skin. Magnetic fields, however, pass through most materials and are therefore more difficult to shield. Both electric fields and magnetic fields decrease rapidly as the distance from the source increases.

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